
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐫 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐌𝐚𝐠𝐢𝐜 𝐨𝐟 𝐋𝐏𝐒 𝐂𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐥𝐬:
𝐕𝐢𝐛𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐌𝐨𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐢𝐧 𝐎𝐧𝐞
Introduction to LPS Corals
In my opinion, LPS (Large Polyp Stony) corals are the showstoppers of the reef aquarium world, known for their large, fleshy polyps and dazzling colors. Unlike their smaller cousins, SPS corals, LPS corals are more forgiving and often ideal for hobbyists who are ready to step up from soft corals but aren’t ready for the demanding care requirements of SPS. They are hardy, eye-catching, and offer plenty of movement to bring your reef to life.
What Are LPS Corals and How to Identify Them?
LPS (Large Polyp Stony) corals are characterized by their large, fleshy polyps supported by a hard calcium carbonate skeleton. This unique combination gives them a striking appearance, with vibrant colors and dynamic movement that make them a favorite among reef hobbyists.
Identification is relatively straightforward: LPS corals have significantly larger polyps compared to their SPS (Small Polyp Stony) counterparts, often with a jelly-like texture. Their skeletal structures are usually thicker and less intricate than SPS corals, and their polyps extend outward, creating a dramatic, eye-catching effect.
I can't wait to dive into the world of LPS with you and I hope you fall in love with them all as I have!
Popular LPS Corals and Their Care
1. Torch Coral (Euphyllia glabrescens)
Photo Credit: Worldwide Corals, Fantasea Aquariums, Tidal Gardens, Aqua SD, Frag Box,
Identification: Long, flowing tentacles tipped with vibrant colors like gold, green, or orange. Adds dynamic movement to the tank.
Care Requirements:
- Water Quality: Requires stable parameters; sensitive to swings.
- Lighting: Moderate; can adapt to higher light if acclimated.
- Flow: Moderate to gentle; strong flow can damage tentacles.
- Feeding: Photosynthetic but benefits from meaty foods like mysis shrimp.
Buying Tips: Choose specimens with fully extended tentacles and no signs of tissue recession.
Pros: Stunning movement, vibrant colors, and a showstopper in reef tanks.
Cons: Aggressive sweeper tentacles can harm nearby corals.
Aggression Level: High. Keep away from other corals as it develops long sweeper tentacles at night that can sting nearby neighbors.
2. Hammer Coral (Fimbriaphyllia paraancora)
Photo Credit: Reef Chasers, Sunnyside Corals, Aquarium Gallery, Avid Aquatics, Reef Builders,
Identification: Hammer- or anchor-shaped polyps in shades of green, gold, or purple.
Care Requirements:
- Water Quality: Stable parameters are crucial.
- Lighting: Moderate; prefers diffused light.
- Flow: Gentle to moderate to prevent polyp damage.
- Feeding: Target-feed with meaty foods for faster growth.
Buying Tips: Look for plump polyps and avoid corals with receding tissue.
Pros: Hardy, colorful, and visually unique.
Cons: Can sting neighbors with sweeper tentacles.
Aggression Level: Moderate to high. Requires ample spacing due to sweeper tentacles, which can harm nearby corals.
3. Frogspawn Coral (Fimbriaphyllia paradivisa)
Photo Credit: Extreme Corals, Fragbox, The Coral Farm, Reef Builders, Pacific East Aquaculture
Identification: Bubble-like tentacles with shades of green, pink, or cream.
Care Requirements:
- Water Quality: Stable and nutrient-poor water preferred.
- Lighting: Moderate; intense light can bleach them.
- Flow: Moderate; avoid direct, strong flow.
- Feeding: Target-feed with mysis shrimp or coral pellets for optimal growth.
Buying Tips: Healthy specimens will have fully extended tentacles and no damaged tissue.
Pros: Adds movement and texture; hardy for beginners.
Cons: Aggressive, so needs spacing from other corals.
Aggression Level: Moderate. Sweeper tentacles are no joke and they can reach and sting nearby corals, so allow for adequate spacing.
4. Duncan Coral (Duncanopsammia axifuga)
Photo Credit: Fragbox, Tidal Gardens, Vivid Aquariums, Premium Aquatics, Top Shelf Aquatics, Reef Builders
Identification: Tubular polyps with neon green centers and a daisy-like appearance.
Care Requirements:
- Water Quality: Tolerant of minor fluctuations but thrives in stable conditions.
- Lighting: Moderate; avoid high-intensity lighting.
- Flow: Moderate; gentle swaying is ideal.
- Feeding: Regular feeding with small meaty foods like rotifers or mysis shrimp encourages rapid growth.
Buying Tips: Choose Duncans with extended polyps and no signs of tissue recession.
Pros: Beginner-friendly, fast-growing, and easy to feed.
Cons: Requires space to prevent competition for nutrients.
Aggression Level: Low. Generally peaceful and does not have aggressive sweeper tentacles.
5. Candy Cane Coral (Caulastrea spp.)
Photo Credit: Reef Builders, Yourfishstore, LiveAquaria, The Reef Farm, Tidal Gardens, Reef Builders
Identification: Clustered heads with vibrant green or blue hues, often resembling candy canes.
Care Requirements:
- Water Quality: Stable parameters are essential, but tolerates slightly nutrient-rich water.
- Lighting: Moderate; adaptable to lower light.
- Flow: Gentle to moderate; avoid strong currents.
- Feeding: Target-feed with small meaty foods like plankton.
Buying Tips: Look for healthy, plump heads without damaged or receding tissue.
Pros: Hardy, colorful, and beginner-friendly.
Cons: Growth is slow compared to other LPS corals.
Aggression Level: Low to moderate. Peaceful but can extend short sweeper tentacles if provoked.
6. Acan Coral (Micromussa lordhowensis)
Photo Credit: Zeo Box Reef, Cornbread Corals, Ultra Coral Australia, Top Shelf Aquatics, Cornbread Corals, Reef Exclusive
Identification: Fleshy polyps in a variety of vibrant colors like red, orange, green, and purple.
Care Requirements:
- Water Quality: Requires stable and clean water with minimal nutrient spikes.
- Lighting: Low to moderate; excessive light can bleach their vibrant colors.
- Flow: Gentle to moderate to avoid polyp damage.
- Feeding: Regular target feeding with mysis shrimp, brine shrimp, or coral-specific foods enhances growth and coloration.
Buying Tips: Choose specimens with fully inflated polyps and intense, consistent coloration. Avoid faded or deflated corals.
Pros: Vibrant, fleshy, and eye-catching; responds well to regular feeding.
Cons: Slower growth and can be more sensitive to poor water conditions.
Aggression Level: Moderate. Sweeper tentacles are short but can sting nearby corals if too close."
7. Sun Coral (Tubastraea spp.)
Photo Credit: Reef Builders, Melev's Reef, Salty Underground, LiveAquaria, Reef Builders
Identification: Sun corals are non-photosynthetic and feature bright, sunflower-like polyps in shades of yellow, orange, pink, or black/green. Their colonies form cup-like structures, creating a stunning, radiant appearance in reef tanks.
Care Requirements:
- Water Quality: Requires pristine water with stable parameters. Slightly nutrient-rich water can support feeding needs but must be balanced to avoid algae overgrowth.
- Lighting: Does not require light for photosynthesis as it is non-photosynthetic. Keep it in shaded or low-light areas to minimize competition with algae.
- Flow: Moderate to strong, ensuring detritus doesn’t settle on the coral while providing nutrient delivery.
- Feeding: Sun corals depend entirely on feeding. Provide daily target feedings of meaty foods such as mysis shrimp, brine shrimp, or reef-safe pellet foods. They thrive when fed consistently and abundantly.
Buying Tips:
- Look for specimens with fully extended, colorful polyps and no signs of tissue recession.
- Avoid corals with excessive algae growth or closed polyps, which can indicate stress or neglect.
Pros: Unique non-photosynthetic coral that brings diversity to your reef.
Cons: High maintenance due to their feeding requirements.
Aggression Level: Low. Completely peaceful as it lacks sweeper tentacles. However, it requires specific care due to its non-photosynthetic nature.
8. Bubble Coral (Plerogyra sinuosa)
Photo Credit: The Fish Room, Vivid Aquariums, AlgaeBarn, Branson's Wild World, Reef Builders
Identification: Large, balloon-like vesicles that vary in shades of white, green, or cream, giving it a unique texture.
Care Requirements:
- Water Quality: Clean, stable water is essential; highly sensitive to swings in alkalinity.
- Lighting: Moderate; prefers diffused light to prevent bleaching.
- Flow: Gentle; strong currents can tear the delicate vesicles.
- Feeding: Target-feed with meaty foods like chopped shrimp or reef-safe pellets weekly.
Buying Tips: Healthy Bubble corals will have fully inflated vesicles and no signs of tears or deflation.
Pros: Unique appearance; great for tanks needing texture and depth.
Cons: Delicate vesicles are prone to damage from rough handling or aggressive flow.
Aggression Level: High. Extremely aggressive with long sweeper tentacles that can sting other corals.
9. Blastomussa Coral (Blastomussa wellsi)
Photo Credit: Reef Chasers, Sunnyside Corals, Extreme Corals, Vivid Aquariums, Coral Anonymous
Identification: Fleshy, rounded polyps in vivid colors like red, orange, and green, often forming compact clusters.
Care Requirements:
- Water Quality: Tolerant but thrives in nutrient-stable environments.
- Lighting: Low to moderate; too much light can fade their colors.
- Flow: Gentle to moderate; strong currents may retract polyps.
- Feeding: Benefits from frequent feedings with small meaty foods.
Buying Tips: Look for healthy, plump polyps and avoid specimens with discolored or receding tissue.
Pros: Hardy, vibrant, and adaptable to most setups.
Cons: Relatively slow-growing.
Aggression Level: Low. Peaceful and does not pose a threat to other corals.
10. Goniopora Coral (Goniopora spp.)
Photo Credit: Tidal Gardens, Vivid Aquariums, Reef Chasers, Reef Builders, Top Shelf Aquatics, New Dawn Aquaculture, Vivid Aquariums
Identification: Commonly known as "Flowerpot Coral," Goniopora has extended, flower-like polyps in colors like pink, purple, or green.
Care Requirements:
- Water Quality: Stable and nutrient-poor; highly sensitive to water quality fluctuations.
- Lighting: Moderate to high; requires steady light intensity.
- Flow: Moderate, indirect flow is essential to prevent polyp damage.
- Feeding: Requires supplemental feedings with phytoplankton or coral-specific foods multiple times a week.
Buying Tips: Look for corals with extended polyps and no visible tissue recession or algae growth.
Pros: Visually stunning with delicate, swaying polyps.
Cons: Can be finicky and sensitive to poor conditions.
Aggression Level: Low. Does not have sweeper tentacles and is generally peaceful.
11. Alveopora Coral (Alveopora spp.)
Photo Credit: Tidal Gardens, JL Aquatics, Tidal Gardens, Top Shelf Aquatics, Extreme Corals, Vivid Aquariums
Identification: Often compared to Goniopora, Alveopora has shorter, flower-like polyps with a more compact growth structure.
Care Requirements:
- Lighting: Moderate to high.
- Flow: Moderate and indirect to prevent damage to polyps.
- Feeding: Requires regular feedings with phytoplankton or coral foods.
Pros: Easier to care for than Goniopora, with similar visual appeal.
Cons: Still more sensitive than beginner LPS options.
Aggression Level: Low. Peaceful and non-aggressive, making it suitable for mixed reef tanks.
12. Elegance Coral (Catalaphyllia jardinei)
Photo Credit: Reef Builders, Extreme Corals, Eye Catching Corals, Fragbox
Identification: Large, fleshy polyps with vibrant tentacles in shades of green, pink, and cream.
Care Requirements:
- Water Quality: Requires clean and stable water with low nutrient levels.
- Lighting: Moderate to high; acclimate carefully to avoid bleaching.
- Flow: Gentle to moderate; too much flow causes retracted polyps.
- Feeding: Regular target feeding with meaty foods enhances growth and coloration.
Buying Tips: Healthy specimens will have fully extended polyps and no receding tissue.
Pros: Stunning centerpiece coral with bold, flowing tentacles.
Cons: Sensitive to water quality fluctuations and prone to infections.
Aggression Level: High. Extremely aggressive with long sweeper tentacles that can reach nearby corals.
13. Plate Coral (Fungia spp.)
Photo Credit: LiveAquaria, Livestockusa, Top Shelf Aquatics, Extreme Corals, Saltwater Aquarium Magazine
Identification: Free-living coral with a flat, disk-like shape. Vibrant colors range from neon green to bright orange, with radiating tentacles.
Care Requirements:
- Water Quality: Requires stable water parameters but can tolerate minor fluctuations.
- Lighting: Moderate to high; prefers open areas with direct light.
- Flow: Gentle to moderate; strong flow can flip or damage the coral.
- Feeding: Benefits from occasional target feedings of meaty foods like mysis shrimp or chopped seafood.
Buying Tips: Choose specimens with an intact disk and fully extended tentacles. Avoid corals with visible damage or algae growth.
Pros: Unique appearance and easy to place in open tank spaces.
Cons: Prone to injury if overturned or exposed to rough flow.
Aggression Level: Low. Generally peaceful but can sting if directly contacted by other corals.
Tamara’s Pro Tip: Plate corals are wanderers. Keep them on a flat surface to avoid them drifting into trouble.
14. Galaxea Coral (Galaxea fascicularis)
Photo Credit: Tidal Gardens, Worldwide Corals, The Coral Farm, Riptide Aquaculture, Fragbox
Identification: Starburst-like polyps with sharp, spiky tips in neon green or brown tones.
Care Requirements:
- Water Quality: Tolerates a range of parameters but thrives in stable conditions.
- Lighting: Moderate to high; acclimate slowly to higher light levels.
- Flow: Moderate; direct flow can cause polyp retraction or damage.
- Feeding: Photosynthetic but benefits from supplemental feedings of small particle foods.
Buying Tips: Look for vibrant colors and avoid corals with algae overgrowth or visible tissue damage.
Pros: Hardy and visually striking.
Cons: Highly aggressive sweeper tentacles can harm nearby corals.
Aggression Level: Very high. Produces long, potent sweeper tentacles and needs significant space from other corals.
Tamara's Pro Tip: I have seen these corals get 16" sweeper tentacles, so buyer beware.
15. Favia and Favites Coral (Favites spp.)
Photo Credit: Reef Chasers, Eye Candy Corals, ACI Aquaculture, A Reef Creation, Ultra Coral Australia, Sunnyside Corals
Identification: Often referred to as "brain coral," Favites feature tightly packed, polygonal polyps forming a ridged, colorful surface.
Care Requirements:
- Water Quality: Requires stable water chemistry; slightly nutrient-rich water can encourage growth.
- Lighting: Moderate; too much light can cause bleaching.
- Flow: Gentle to moderate; strong currents may erode tissue.
- Feeding: Occasional target feeding with small meaty foods promotes growth.
Buying Tips: Avoid specimens with algae-covered ridges or visible signs of tissue recession.
Pros: Hardy and adds texture to your reef.
Cons: Slow-growing and can be mildly aggressive.
Aggression Level: Moderate to high. Sweeper tentacles can sting nearby corals, so leave ample room.
16. Scolymia Coral (Scolymia spp.)
Photo Credit: Fragbox, Top Shelf Aquatics, Reef Builders, Extreme Corals
Identification: Solitary coral with large, fleshy polyps in vibrant, rainbow-like colors. Often used as a centerpiece in reef tanks.
Care Requirements:
- Water Quality: Requires pristine water conditions and stable parameters.
- Lighting: Moderate to low; prefers diffused light to maintain vibrant colors.
- Flow: Gentle to avoid damaging its fleshy tissue.
- Feeding: Regular target feeding with meaty foods like mysis shrimp or reef-safe pellets.
Buying Tips: Choose brightly colored corals with no signs of tissue recession or discoloration.
Pros: Stunning centerpiece coral with mesmerizing colors.
Cons: Expensive and sensitive to poor water quality.
Aggression Level: Low. Peaceful and unlikely to harm neighboring corals.
17. Chalice Coral (Echinophyllia spp.)
Photo Credit: Tidal Gardens, Reef Chasers, Tidal Gardens, Reef Builders, Something Fishy
Identification: A colorful, encrusting coral with ridged or plate-like structures in a rainbow of hues. Many people think it is an SPS, but if you look closely it has large polyps!
Care Requirements:
- Lighting: Moderate to low.
- Flow: Gentle to avoid damaging the delicate tissue.
- Feeding: Regular feedings with small meaty foods encourage growth.
Pros: Stunning color patterns and relatively easy to care for.
Cons: Prone to tissue damage and slow growth.
Aggression Level: Moderate to high. Capable of extending sweeper tentacles at night; ensure adequate spacing from neighbors.
18. Lobophyllia Coral (Lobophyllia spp.)
Photo Credit: Extreme Corals, Top Shelf Aquatics, Zeo Box Reef Aquaculture, Top Shelf Aquatics, Saltwater Aquarium Magazine, Reef Builders
Identification: Large, fleshy corals with striking colors and ridges. Known as "Lobo" in the hobby.
Care Requirements:
- Lighting: Moderate to high.
- Flow: Gentle to moderate; strong flow can damage its fleshy polyps.
- Feeding: Target feeding with meaty foods enhances growth and coloration.
Pros: Vibrant colors and a robust structure make it a centerpiece coral.
Cons: Aggressive and requires space to avoid conflicts.
Aggression Level: High. Known for long and powerful sweeper tentacles; give ample room to avoid conflicts.
Top 5 Easiest LPS Corals, IMO
1. Duncan Coral (Duncanopsammia axifuga)
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- Why It’s Easy: Duncans are hardy and forgiving, thriving in moderate lighting and flow. They tolerate minor parameter fluctuations and are quick to show signs of health or stress, making them beginner-friendly. Regular feeding promotes rapid growth, which is both rewarding and manageable.
2. Candy Cane Coral (Caulastrea spp.)
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- Why It’s Easy: Candy Cane corals are highly adaptable to a wide range of lighting and flow conditions. They are resilient to minor water quality issues and grow in manageable clusters, making them easy to maintain and propagate.
3. Blastomussa Coral (Blastomussa wellsi)
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- Why It’s Easy: Blastomussa corals are peaceful and don’t require aggressive spacing. They thrive under low to moderate lighting and flow, making them ideal for tanks with varied conditions. Their vibrant, fleshy polyps are hardy and forgiving of slight water parameter shifts.
4. Branching Hammer Coral (Euphyllia ancora)
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- Why It’s Easy: Branching hammer corals are more adaptable and forgiving than their wall-growing counterparts. Their branching skeletons allow for better water flow around the polyps, reducing the chance of bacterial infections. They thrive in moderate lighting and gentle to moderate flow, making them perfect for most reef setups. Additionally, their growth form makes them easier to frag and propagate, which is great for beginners looking to expand their coral collection.
5. Frogspawn Coral (Euphyllia divisa)
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- Why It’s Easy: Frogspawn corals are visually striking and resilient when provided with moderate lighting and flow. While they require some spacing due to their sweeper tentacles, their care needs are straightforward, and they are less demanding than other Euphyllia species like Torches.
Dipping and Quarantining LPS Corals
Why Dip LPS Corals?
Dipping LPS corals is a crucial step to prevent introducing pests, parasites, or harmful hitchhikers like flatworms, nudibranchs, or Aiptasia into your aquarium. Even healthy-looking corals can carry microscopic invaders that could wreak havoc on your tank.
How to Dip LPS Corals:
- Prepare a Dip Solution: Use a commercial coral dip (e.g., Coral RX, Revive) according to the product instructions. Mix the solution with tank water in a clean container.
- Inspect the Coral: Gently remove the coral from its transport bag, and visually check for visible pests or damage.
- Submerge the Coral: Place the coral in the dip solution and gently swish it around to dislodge pests.
- Duration: Keep the coral in the solution for the recommended time (usually 5–10 minutes).
- Rinse: Rinse the coral in clean tank water before adding it to your quarantine tank.
Why Quarantine LPS Corals?
Quarantining LPS corals for 2–4 weeks allows you to:
- Observe for delayed signs of pests or disease.
- Ensure the coral acclimates to stable water conditions without stressing your display tank.
- Treat the coral for potential issues like bacterial infections or tissue necrosis if they arise.
Quarantine Setup:
- Tank Size: A small 5–20 gallon tank works well for coral quarantine.
- Lighting and Flow: Provide moderate lighting and flow suitable for LPS needs.
- Filtration: Include a simple sponge filter or hang-on-back filter to maintain water quality.
- Observation: Monitor for pests, tissue recession, or other signs of stress during the quarantine period.
Tamara’s Pro Tip: Quarantine isn’t just for fish! A dedicated coral quarantine routine saves you from headaches down the road. Better to catch a hitchhiking flatworm in quarantine than in your reef!
General Care Tips for LPS Corals
LPS (Large Polyp Stony) corals are prized for their vibrant colors, fleshy polyps, and dynamic movement. While they are generally hardier than SPS corals, they still require proper care and attention to thrive. Here’s what you need to know to keep your LPS corals happy and healthy:
1. Lighting
- Optimal Range: LPS corals prefer moderate lighting, which is less intense than what SPS corals require. LED, T5, or hybrid systems with adjustable intensity are ideal.
- Acclimation: Gradually acclimate LPS corals to new lighting setups to prevent bleaching or tissue damage.
- Placement: Observe coral response—move them higher or lower in the tank depending on their light needs.
2. Water Flow
- Flow Needs: LPS corals thrive in gentle to moderate flow that allows their polyps to sway naturally without being whipped around.
- Placement: Avoid direct, high-intensity flow, which can tear their fleshy polyps or cause retraction.
- Devices: Use wave makers or adjustable powerheads to create dispersed, natural currents.
Tamara's Pro Tip: Watch how the polyps react—if they’re fully extended and gently moving, the flow is just right.
3. Water Parameters
LPS corals are more forgiving than SPS corals but still require stable water chemistry:
- Temperature: 75–80°F (24–27°C).
- Salinity: 1.024–1.026 specific gravity.
- Calcium: 400–450 ppm to support skeletal growth.
- Alkalinity: 8–12 dKH for proper calcification and pH stability.
- Magnesium: 1300–1400 ppm to maintain calcium and alkalinity balance.
- Nitrates and Phosphates: Slightly elevated levels (nitrates 5–10 ppm; phosphates <0.03 ppm) are tolerable and even beneficial.
4. Placement in the Tank
- Space Requirements: LPS corals have sweeper tentacles that can sting neighbors. Provide ample space between corals to prevent territorial disputes.
- Compatibility: Avoid placing aggressive species near more peaceful corals.
Step-by-Step Guide to Feeding LPS Corals
Feeding your corals is an essential part of maintaining their health and promoting growth. Here's a detailed guide to ensure your corals get the nutrition they need, along with tips for addressing issues if your coral won’t eat or appears unhealthy.
Step 1: Timing Is Everything
- Why Wait Until Lights Are Out?
Most corals are nocturnal feeders and extend their polyps after dark. Feeding them during their natural feeding time increases the chances of success. Turn off the lights in your aquarium or feed in the evening after the lights dim. This also has the additional benefit of your fish being "asleep" and less likely to take the corals food from them.
Tamara's Pro Tip: If your coral opens earlier in the day, feel free to feed them during this time. Some LPS corals, like Duncans, adapt to daytime feedings.
Step 2: Scent the Water
- Why It Works:
Corals respond to food particles in the water by extending their feeding tentacles. “Scenting” the water primes them for feeding. - How to Do It:
- Mix your chosen coral food (e.g., mysis shrimp, reef roids, plankton) in a small cup of tank water.
- Use a turkey baster or pipette to release a small amount of the food mixture near the coral. Wait 15-20 mins and then start feeding the tank.
Tamara's Pro Tip: I usually cut the end off a pipette so I can feed bigger particles but I still have complete control.
Step 3: Target Feeding
- How to Feed:
- Load your turkey baster, pipette, or coral feeder with the food mixture.
- Gently squirt the food near the coral’s mouth or polyps. Avoid blasting the food onto the coral, as this can cause retraction.
- Why Target Feed?
Target feeding minimizes food waste and ensures the coral gets the nutrients it needs without impacting water quality.
Step 4: Monitor the Response
- Watch for the coral’s feeding tentacles to extend and capture the food.
- Some corals may close their polyps around the food, while others rely on sticky tentacles to trap particles.
Tamara's Pro Tip: If your coral doesn’t react immediately, give it some time. Some corals may take longer to respond, especially if they are newly introduced or stressed.
What to Do If a Coral Won’t Open or Feed
Step 1: Check Water Parameters
- Corals may refuse to eat if water conditions are off. Test for:
- Salinity: 1.024–1.026.
- Nitrates: 5–10 ppm for LPS corals.
- Phosphates: <0.03 ppm.
- Calcium, Alkalinity, and Magnesium: Ensure levels are stable and within the ideal range.
Step 2: Reduce Stress
- Acclimation: Newly introduced corals may need time to adjust to your tank’s conditions.
- Lighting and Flow: Make sure lighting and flow are appropriate for the coral’s needs. Too much flow can cause retraction, while insufficient light can leave them stressed.
Step 3: Encourage Feeding
- Scent the Water: Release food particles into the tank water to stimulate a feeding response.
- Turn Off Flow: Temporarily turn off pumps and powerheads to give the coral a calm environment to feed.
- Use the Right Food: Ensure the food particles are appropriately sized for your coral. LPS corals prefer meaty foods like mysis shrimp or small chunks of seafood.
Steps to Help Corals Recover Their Health
Many corals are extremely stressed when they are shipped. Here is what the typical coral goes through:
- They are collected and sit in a holding facility until they are shipped to a wholesaler. Some countries do a great job here, and some do not.
- Then they are shipped halfway around the world with no light and terrible water conditions that can easily take 24-48 hours to arrive. Often with many plane transfer and sitting in the elements.
- Then they sit in a wholesalers tank for days, weeks, even months. Many facilities do not feed the corals.
- Then it was shipped to your LFS. Some LFS are great about making sure corals are happy and healthy before they are sold. Some are not.
- Then you purchased the coral and it came home to sit in your (hopefully quarantine tank).
All this to say that sometimes corals are just stressed or exhausted when we get them. It takes A LOT of energy for a coral to open up and stretch out their tentacles to feed. After days, weeks, months of attempting to feed and being unsuccessful, some corals don't have the energy to waste trying to open up to feed. Sometimes we need to ween them back to health. How can we do that? With Amino Acid!
Amino acids are vital for coral growth, tissue repair, and overall health. They serve as the building blocks of proteins, supporting various biological processes. Here's why amino acids are so important for your reef tank:
Why Corals Need Amino Acids:
- Growth and Repair: Essential for building new tissue and repairing damage.
- Energy Source: Provide an energy boost, especially in low-nutrient systems or when photosynthesis isn’t sufficient.
- Enhanced Coloration: Regular supplementation helps bring out vibrant coral colors.
- Skeletal Development: Play a role in maintaining skeletal strength and growth.
Why Amino Acids Are Great for Stressed or Unhealthy Corals:
- Easily Absorbed: Dissolved in water, amino acids are absorbed directly through coral tissue, even if the coral is retracted or unable to extend its polyps.
- Supports Recovery: Beneficial for corals recovering from fragging, shipping, or poor conditions.
- Boosts Vitality: Helps maintain energy levels when corals are stressed or have reduced feeding responses.
Tips for Using Amino Acids:
- Dose Regularly: Add amino acid supplements as directed to maintain consistent levels.
- Observe Coral Response: Watch for improved polyp extension, coloration, and growth.
- Avoid Overdosing: Excess amino acids can fuel nuisance algae, so dose carefully in balance with your tank’s needs.
Troubleshooting LPS Corals
Even with proper care, LPS corals can encounter problems. Here’s a guide to diagnosing and addressing common issues:
1. Tissue Recession
- Symptoms: Polyps recede, exposing the coral’s skeleton.
- Causes: Poor water quality, aggressive neighbors, or insufficient calcium and alkalinity.
- Solutions:
- Test water parameters and correct any imbalances in calcium, alkalinity, or magnesium.
- Ensure adequate spacing from neighboring corals with sweeper tentacles.
- Dip the coral in iodine or a commercial coral dip to treat bacterial infections.
2. Closed or Retracted Polyps
- Symptoms: Polyps stay closed for prolonged periods.
- Causes: Stress from improper lighting, strong flow, or aggressive tankmates.
- Solutions:
- Adjust flow and lighting to suit the specific coral’s needs.
- Monitor tankmates for nipping behavior, especially from angelfish or butterflyfish.
- Check for pests like flatworms and treat with dips as necessary.
3. Bleaching
- Symptoms: Loss of color, leaving the coral pale or white.
- Causes: Excessive lighting, rapid parameter changes, or nutrient deficiencies.
- Solutions:
- Reduce lighting intensity or move the coral to a shaded area.
- Acclimate corals slowly to new lighting systems.
- Ensure nutrients like nitrates and phosphates are present in low but detectable levels.
4. Algae Overgrowth
- Symptoms: Algae covers the coral’s skeleton or polyps.
- Causes: Excess nutrients, poor flow, or weak lighting.
- Solutions:
- Manually remove algae with a soft brush or turkey baster.
- Reduce feeding and improve filtration to lower nitrate and phosphate levels.
- Increase water flow to discourage algae settlement.
5. Slow Growth
- Symptoms: Coral remains stagnant with minimal skeletal growth.
- Causes: Insufficient feeding or unstable water chemistry.
- Solutions:
- Target-feed corals with small, meaty foods 1–2 times per week.
- Maintain stable calcium (400–450 ppm), alkalinity (8–12 dKH), and magnesium (1300–1400 ppm).
Tamara’s Pro Tip: If your LPS coral isn’t thriving, don’t panic. Corals are patient creatures, and with small adjustments, you’ll see them bounce back.
Myths About LPS Corals
1. Myth: LPS Corals Don’t Need Feeding
Fact: While LPS corals rely on photosynthesis for energy, supplemental feeding is essential for their growth and coloration. Regular target feeding helps them thrive.
2. Myth: All LPS Corals Are Aggressive
Fact: While some LPS corals (like Euphyllia) have long sweeper tentacles, others, like Duncans or Candy Canes, are far less aggressive and can coexist peacefully with proper spacing.
3. Myth: LPS Corals Are Only for Advanced Hobbyists
Fact: Many LPS corals, such as Duncan and Candy Cane corals, are beginner-friendly due to their hardy nature and forgiving care requirements.
4. Myth: LPS Corals Require High Lighting
Fact: Most LPS corals prefer moderate lighting. Overexposure to intense light can stress or bleach them.
5. Myth: LPS Corals Can Survive in Poor Water Conditions
Fact: While more tolerant than SPS corals, LPS corals still require stable water parameters to thrive. Neglecting water quality can lead to tissue recession and other issues.
FAQ: LPS Corals
Q: Are LPS corals beginner-friendly?
A: Many LPS corals, like Duncan and Candy Cane corals, are great for beginners due to their hardy nature and forgiving care requirements. Others, like Torch or Bubble corals, may need intermediate care because of their aggression or sensitivity.
Q: How often should I feed my LPS corals?
A: Most LPS corals benefit from target feeding 1–2 times per week with meaty foods like mysis shrimp or coral pellets. Regular feeding promotes growth and vibrant colors.
Q: Can I keep LPS corals with SPS or soft corals?
A: Yes, but proper spacing is critical. LPS corals can have aggressive sweeper tentacles that may harm nearby corals, so give them plenty of room.
Q: Why is my LPS coral’s skeleton exposed?
A: This could be due to tissue recession caused by poor water quality, aggressive neighbors, or insufficient calcium and alkalinity. Check your parameters and ensure proper spacing.
Q: Do LPS corals require a specific type of lighting?
A: LPS corals thrive under moderate lighting. LED systems with adjustable intensity are ideal. Avoid overly intense light, as it can cause bleaching.
Q: How can I prevent algae overgrowth on my LPS corals?
A: Maintain good water flow, avoid overfeeding, and keep nitrates and phosphates in check. Manually remove any algae that starts to accumulate.
Q: Are LPS corals aggressive?
A: Some, like Torch and Galaxea corals, have long sweeper tentacles and can harm neighboring corals. Others, like Duncans or Candy Canes, are less aggressive and easier to place.
Q: How fast do LPS corals grow?
A: Growth rates vary by species. Corals like Duncans and Candy Canes grow relatively quickly with proper care, while others like Acanthastrea grow more slowly.
Q: Can I dip LPS corals before adding them to my tank?
A: Yes, dipping LPS corals in a commercial coral dip removes pests and bacteria. Always rinse them in clean saltwater before placing them in your display or quarantine tank.
Q: What’s the best flow for LPS corals?
A: Gentle to moderate flow is ideal. Avoid strong currents, which can tear their fleshy polyps or cause them to retract.
Conclusion
LPS corals are the dazzling, dynamic stars of the reef aquarium world. Their vibrant colors, fleshy polyps, and mesmerizing movement make them a favorite for hobbyists of all experience levels. Whether you’re just starting with hardy options like Candy Cane and Duncan corals or diving into the intermediate challenge of Torch and Acan corals, these corals add life and beauty to any tank. With moderate lighting, gentle flow, stable parameters, and a little love through feeding, LPS corals will thrive and reward you with an awe-inspiring display.
As you care for your LPS corals, remember that every tank is a learning experience. Be patient, observe your corals, and enjoy the journey. After all, these stunning organisms are more than just decorations—they’re living, breathing pieces of the ocean right in your home.
Happy Reefing!