Zooxanthellae are microscopic algae that live inside coral tissue — producing up to 90% of a coral's energy through photosynthesis. Understanding this relationship is the key to understanding coral health, bleaching, and color.
Welcome to Manta Systems!

Tamara Marshall is a marine scientist and saltwater enthusiast with 26 years of experience in the hobby. She has worked at prestigious institutions like the Hubbs SeaWorld Research Institute and The Dallas World Aquarium, and has been a featured speaker at major events such as MBI and MACNA. Tamara holds a degree in Fish Health and Aquaculture from the University of Florida, as well as an MBA and MS in Innovation and Entrepreneurship from the University of Texas at Dallas. Her journey in the saltwater industry includes owning both a wholesale coral business and a retail saltwater fish store. As the founder of Manta Systems, Tamara combines her deep knowledge and passion to educate and inspire the saltwater community.
Quick Medication Reference Guide for Saltwater Aquariums: Dosage, Compatibility, and More
A complete guide to saltwater aquarium medications. Covers dosages, side effects, and treatment compatibility, including Kanamycin, Methylene Blue, Chloroquine Phosphate, and more. Learn essential dips, baths, and combinations to protect your marine fish and corals.
Battling Fin Rot in Saltwater Fish: The Ultimate Hobbyist’s Guide to Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Learn everything you need to know about fin rot in saltwater fish. This in-depth guide covers causes, symptoms, prevention, and effective treatments to keep your marine aquarium healthy and thriving.
Copper is one of the most effective treatments for marine ich and velvet — but also one of the most dangerous if misused. This guide covers safe dosing, chelated vs ionic copper, and what to never do in a reef tank.
Discover how biopellets can naturally reduce nitrates and phosphates in your reef tank. Learn the science behind biopellets, their benefits, proper usage, and tips for maintaining a healthy marine ecosystem.
Explore essential strategies for identifying and managing coral pests with our guide, "A Comprehensive Guide to Coral Pests and How to Protect Your Reef." Learn about the top 25 coral pests, effective treatments, and professional tips to keep your reef healthy and thriving.
Understanding HLLE (Head and Lateral Line Erosion): Comprehensive Guide for Saltwater Hobbyists
Explore the detailed causes, symptoms, treatments, and prevention strategies for Head and Lateral Line Erosion (HLLE) in marine fish. This guide offers step-by-step instructions, expert advice, and best practices for maintaining fish health in saltwater aquariums. Essential reading for both novice and
Discover everything you need to know about marine ich (Cryptocaryon irritans) in this comprehensive guide. Learn how to diagnose, treat, and prevent this common saltwater fish disease with step-by-step instructions, emergency treatments, and proven prevention strategies. Ideal for both new and experienced
Discover how to identify, prevent, and treat common saltwater fish diseases with this in-depth guide. Learn about symptoms, treatment options, and expert tips for maintaining a healthy aquarium. Includes a decision-making flowchart, prevention strategies, and myth-busting information.
Learn how to properly quarantine saltwater fish with our detailed guide. From setting up your quarantine tank to monitoring for diseases, this comprehensive article covers everything hobbyists need to ensure a healthy aquarium.
The Great Rock Debate: Live Rock vs. Dry Rock
Discover the pros and cons of live rock and dry rock for your saltwater aquarium. This comprehensive guide covers everything from cost and biodiversity to pest risks and water chemistry, helping you make the best choice for your tank.
Discover the essential guide to choosing the right substrate for your saltwater aquarium. Learn about live sand vs. dry sand, various grain sizes, and how substrate impacts the health of your marine life. Get expert tips on maintenance and make the best choice for your reef tank.
Explore the essential guide to selecting the right sand types and depths for invertebrates and fish in your saltwater aquarium. Learn how different substrates influence the health and behavior of marine life, from snails and crabs to gobies and wrasses.
Popeye disease causes one or both eyes to swell and bulge in fish. Learn to identify unilateral vs bilateral popeye, the most likely causes, and the best treatment options for saltwater fish.
Discover the critical role of ammonia in saltwater aquariums, including its effects on marine life and best practices for managing levels to ensure a healthy, thriving aquarium environment.